Establishments of a higher category typically enjoy the city's highest occupation rates. In 1996, following the 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, the city held its first mayoral elections under the new statutes, with the mayor's title formally changed to "Head of Government". Buenos Aires is based on a square, rectangular grid pattern, save for natural barriers or the relatively rare developments explicitly designed otherwise (most notably, the Parque Chas neighborhood). Mendoza's settlement soon came under attack by indigenous people, and was abandoned in 1541. The Buenos Aires City Police force began operations on 1 January 2017. The city center is home to four principal terminals for both long distance and local passenger services: Constitucion, Retiro, Federico Lacroze and Once. These high schools are ILSE, CNBA, Escuela Superior de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini and Escuela de Educación Técnica Profesional en Producción Agropecuaria y Agroalimentaria (School of Professional Technique Education in Agricultural and Agrifood Production). In response to large studio productions, the "Generation of the 60s" appeared, a group of filmmakers that produced the first modernist films in Argentina during that early years of that decade. Resident aliens enjoy this same right, with its corresponding obligations, on equal terms with Argentine citizens registered in the district, under the terms established by law. Each member of the Legislature is elected for a four-year term; half of the legislature is renewed every two years. [43], Summers are hot and humid. Finden, vergleichen und buchen Sie Touren, Ausflüge, Aktivitäten, Attraktionen und spannende Erlebnisse aus der ganzen Welt. Argentine films were exported across Latin America, specially Libertad Lamarque's melodramas, and the comedies of Luis Sandrini and Niní Marshall. Martha Argerich, classical concert pianist. [22], Health conditions in poor areas were appalling, with high rates of tuberculosis. [69] The population of Greater Buenos Aires was 13,147,638 according to 2010 census data. ca. Der kälteste Monat ist der Juli, der allerdings mit durchschnittlich 14,9 Grad sehr mild ausfällt. Verbessere dein Wissen — Ausbildung! Crowds from both sides gathered in Buenos Aires to hear the results of the vote. They started the dry cleaning business in Argentina, an activity that is considered idiosyncratic to the Japanese immigrants in Buenos Aires. This scheme frustrated the traders of Buenos Aires, and a thriving informal yet accepted by the authorities contraband industry developed inside the colonies and with the Portuguese. In 1806 the British successfully invaded Buenos Aires, but an army from Montevideo led by Santiago de Liniers defeated them. Its citizens first elected a chief of government (i.e. Lunfardo uses words from Italian dialects, from Brazilian Portuguese, from African and Caribbean languages and even from English. Encouraged by pro-automaker policies that were pursued towards the end of the Perón (1955) and Frondizi administrations (1958–62) in particular, auto sales nationally grew from an average of 30,000 during the 1920–57 era to around 250,000 in the 1970s and over 600,000 in 2008. [204][205], Since 2013, there has been a series of large investments on the network, with all lines (with the exception of the Urquiza Line) receiving new rolling stock, along with widespread infrastructure improvements, track replacement, electrification work, refurbishments of stations and building entirely new stations. This was South America's tallest building at the time, and was the first Argentine skyscraper built with concrete (1919–1923). [153], The Río de la Plata is known for being the birthplace of tango, which is considered an emblem of Buenos Aires. In 2016, the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Police and part of the Argentine Federal Police were merged to create the new Buenos Aires City Police force. [224] A heritage streetcar maintained by tram fans operates on weekends, near the Primera Junta line A Underground station in the neighborhood of Caballito. In December 2006 the Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Congress passed a new National Education Law restoring the old system of primary followed by secondary education, making secondary education obligatory and a right, and increasing the length of compulsory education to 13 years. Mo - Fr — 10:00 - 17:00. [124], Porteños are generally characterized as night owls, cultured, talkative, uninhibited, sensitive, nostalgic, observant and arrogant. [104], The port of Buenos Aires is one of the busiest in South America, as navigable rivers by way of the Rio de la Plata connect the port to northeastern Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. Argentines' love for horses can be experienced in several ways: horse racing at the Hipódromo Argentino de Palermo racetrack, polo in the Campo Argentino de Polo (located just across Libertador Avenue from the Hipódromo), and pato, a kind of basketball played on horseback that was declared the national game in 1953. An attempt by the peninsular merchant Martín de Álzaga to remove Liniers and replace him with a Junta was defeated by the criollo armies. Shanty towns (villas miseria) started growing around the city's industrial areas during the 1930s, leading to pervasive social problems and social contrasts with the largely upwardly-mobile Buenos Aires population. Soccer is a popular pastime among many of the city's citizens, as Buenos Aires, featuring no fewer than 24 professional teams, has the highest concentration of teams of any city in the world. Its Gender Identity Law, passed in 2012, made Argentina the "only country that allows people to change their gender identities without facing barriers such as hormone therapy, surgery or psychiatric diagnosis that labels them as having an abnormality". Argentine cinema history began in Buenos Aires with the first film exhibition on 18 July 1896 at the Teatro Odeón. Vor allem auch dank dem erotischsten aller Tänze: dem Tango. [153] Italian music was very influential during the 19th century and the early 20th century, in part because of immigration, but operas and salon music were also composed by Argentines, including Francisco Hargreaves and Juan Gutiérrez. [127] Paradoxically, porteños are also described as highly self-critical, something that has been called "the other side of the ego coin. Ein Rückflugticket muss vorgelegt werden. In 1950, the population of … The city is home to hundreds of bookstores, public libraries and cultural associations (it is sometimes called "the city of books"), as well as the largest concentration of active theaters in Latin America. [126] Writing for BBC Mundo Cristina Pérez felt that "the idea of the [Argentines'] vastly developed ego finds strong evidence in lunfardo dictionaries," in words such as "engrupido" (meaning "vain" or "conceited") and "compadrito" (meaning both "brave" and "braggart"), the latter being an archetypal figure of tango. Colectivos in Buenos Aires do not have a fixed timetable, but run from four to several per hour, depending on the bus line and time of the day. [13] Buenos Aires held the 1st Pan American Games in 1951 and was the site of two venues in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. The issue was fought out more than once on the battlefield, until the matter was finally settled in 1880 when the city was federalized and became the seat of government, with its mayor appointed by the president. Carlos Gardel, an iconic figure of tango and Buenos Aires, became an international star by starring in several films during that era. Buenos Aires has various types of accommodation ranging from luxurious five star hotels in the city center to budget hotels located in suburban neighborhoods. [72], Two-thirds of the city's residents live in apartment buildings and 30% in single-family homes; 4% live in sub-standard housing. The number of cultural festivals with more than 10 sites and 5 years of existence also places the city as 2nd worldwide, after Edinburgh. [75], The city's resident labor force of 1.2 million in 2001 was mostly employed in the services sector, particularly social services (25%), commerce and tourism (20%) and business and financial services (17%); despite the city's role as Argentina's capital, public administration employed only 6%. [50] The lowest temperature ever recorded in central Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Central Observatory) was −5.4 °C (22 °F) on 9 July 1918. Boca und Barracas, Hafenviertel italienischer Prägung. With inexpensive tickets and extensive routes, usually no further than four blocks from commuters' residences, the colectivo is the most popular mode of transport around the city. [17], In the first foundation of Buenos Aires, Spanish sailors arrived thankfully in the Río de la Plata by the blessings of the "Santa Maria de los Buenos Aires", the "Holy Virgin Mary of the Good Winds" who was said to have given them the good winds to reach the coast of what is today the modern city of Buenos Aires. Año 2010", "Sociedad y Religión en Movimiento. [137][138] The city's turbulent modern political history has "bred an intense sense of expression in porteños," and urban art has been used to depict these stories and as a means of protest. It was already the capital of Buenos Aires Province, and between 1853 and 1860 it was the capital of the seceded State of Buenos Aires. [18] Pedro de Mendoza called the city "Holy Mary of the Fair Winds", a name suggested by the chaplain of Mendoza's expedition – a devotee of the Virgin of Buen Ayre – after the Madonna of Bonaria from Sardinia[19] (which is still to this day the patroness of the Mediterranean island[20]). Blick.ch - das Schweizer Portal für Nachrichten aus den Bereichen News, Politik, Wirtschaft, Sport, People, Unterhaltung, Lifestyle und Auto. In fact, notable consumer brands such as Burberry and Louis Vuitton have abandoned the country due to the exchange rate and import restrictions. [69], The 2001 census showed a relatively aged population: with 17% under the age of fifteen and 22% over sixty, the people of Buenos Aires have an age structure similar to those in most European cities. [2][111] With its scores of theaters and productions, the city has the busiest live theater industry in Latin America. To the east of the square is the Casa Rosada, the official seat of the executive branch of the government of Argentina. Under the Köppen climate classification, Buenos Aires has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) with four distinct seasons. The third and most ambitious is to build a series of tunnels between three of the city's railway terminals with a large underground central station underneath the Obelisk, connecting all the commuter railway lines in a network dubbed the Red de Expresos Regionales.[214]. For the broader conurbation, see, Capital city and autonomous city in Argentina, Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (South America), Enrique Oteiza y Susana Novick sostienen que ", Learn how and when to remove this template message, Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, 1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution, National Supreme Court of Justice buildings, Palace of Justice of the Argentine Nation, Anglican Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, Conservatorio Nacional Superior de Música, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Buenos Aires International Festival of Independent Cinema, Escuela Superior de Comercio Carlos Pellegrini, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Monument to the Carta Magna and Four Regions of Argentina, Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti, List of twin towns and sister cities in Argentina, List of mayors and chiefs of government of Buenos Aires, List of twin towns and sister cities of Buenos Aires, The World Meteorological Organization Station ID for Buenos Aires Observatorio is 87585, "En la 'Reina del Plata', sólo el 3% de las calles tiene nombre de mujer", "Censo 2010. The 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015 Dakar Rally started and ended in the city. ", "Distribution of Gross Value Added by jurisdiction and economic activity", "City Mayors reviews the richest cities in the world in 2005", "Informe Argentino Sobre Desarrollo Humano", "City of Buenos Aires Statistical Annual (2008)", "Cristina inaugura el Centro Cultural Néstor Kirchner", "Las impactantes fotos del Centro Cultural Néstor Kirchner", "La obra faraónica del legado cultural K", "Identidad y migraciones: Entrevista a Alejandro Grimson", "¿Por qué los latinoamericanos hacen tantos chistes sobre los argentinos? The plan, however, called for a seemingly indiscriminate razing of residential areas and, though only three of the eight planned were put up at the time, they were mostly obtrusive raised freeways that continue to blight a number of formerly comfortable neighborhoods to this day. Der 1822 eröffnete Friedhof La Recoleta zählt zu den schönsten der Welt. A sanctuary to the Virgin of Buen Ayre would be later erected in Seville. More attacks by the indigenous people forced the settlers away, and in 1542, the site was thusly abandoned. Buenos Aires bid to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. One of the most notable films of these movement is La hora de los hornos (1968) by Fernando Solanas. However, plans to extend the line and acquire a fleet of trams did not come to fruition, and declining patronage led to the line's closure in October 2012. [137] Guided tours to see murals and graffiti around the city have been growing steadily. Mehr als ein Viertel der Einwohner des Landes wohnen in ihrem Einzugsgebiet. [8] The city limits were enlarged to include the towns of Belgrano and Flores; both are now neighborhoods of the city. 2'890'151 Menschen lebten bei der letzten offiziellen Zählung im Jahr 2010 in Buenos Aires. The return of democracy in 1983 coincided with a cultural revival, and the 1990s saw an economic revival, particularly in the construction and financial sectors. [212][213] If these two projects are completed, then the Belgrano Norte Line would be the only diesel line to run through the city. [82] Most are of Northern, Western, Central, and Eastern European Ashkenazi origin, primarily Swedish, Dutch, Polish, German, and Russian Jews, with a significant Sephardic minority, mostly made up of Syrian Jews and Lebanese Jews. [118], The identity of porteños has a rich and complex history, and has been the subject of much analysis and scrutiny. [89], At the beginning of the twentieth century, Buenos Aires was the second largest Catholic city in the world after Paris. [184] In 2008, an estimated 2.5 million visitors visited the city.[185]. A notable example is Palermo – the city's largest district – which has been subdivided into various barrios, including Palermo Soho, Palermo Hollywood, Las Cañitas and Palermo viejo, among others. Chinese immigration is the fourth largest in Argentina, with the vast majority of them living in Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area. The 1994 constitutional amendment granted the city autonomy, hence its formal name of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires; "CABA"). There are several subdivisions of these districts, some with a long history and others that are the product of a real estate invention. [96], Buenos Aires is the seat of a Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishop (the Catholic primate of Argentina), currently Archbishop Mario Poli. [159] During the second half of the decade, films of social protest were presented in clandestine exhibitions, the work of Grupo Cine Liberación and Grupo Cine de la Base, who advocated what they called "Third Cinema". [154] The city considers itself the Tango World Capital, and as such hosts many related events, the most important being an annual festival and world tournament. 19.01.2021 Top 10 Buenos Aires Sehenswürdigkeiten: Hier finden Sie 1.388.812 Bewertungen und Fotos von Reisenden über 1.697 Sehenswürdigkeiten, Touren und Ausflüge - alle Buenos Aires … [84] In the 1980s, most of them were from Taiwan, but since the 1990s the majority of Chinese immigrants come from the Mainland Chinese province of Fukien (Fujian). Buenos Aires was conceived around the Plaza de Mayo, the colony's administrative center. As of March 2008[update], the Guardia Urbana was removed. The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 15.6 million.[4]. [119] The great European immigration wave of the early 20th century was integral to "the growing primacy of Buenos Aires and the accompanying urban identity", and established the division between urban and rural Argentina more deeply. Y LA CIUDAD DE OTTAWA (CANADA)", "Chapter 13: Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay", Bibliography of the history of Buenos Aires, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buenos_Aires&oldid=1001487704, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox settlement with possible nickname list, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Articles needing additional references from January 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2008, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2008, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Baily, Samuel L. "The Adjustment of Italian Immigrants in Buenos Aires and New York, 1870–1914.". During most of the 19th century, the political status of the city remained a sensitive subject. During this time, the Colón Theater became one of the world's top opera venues, and the city became the regional capital of radio, television, cinema, and theater. [172] The "sub-barrio" of Palermo Viejo is also a popular port of call for fashion in the city. [174] Italian and French influences increased after the declaration of independence at the beginning of the 19th century, though the academic style persisted until the first decades of the 20th century. The police is headed by the Chief of Police who is appointed by the head of the executive branch of the city of Buenos Aires. [103] The Buenos Aires Human Development Index (0.867 in 2018) is likewise high by international standards. The system has six underground lines and one overground line, named by letters (A to E, and H) and there are 100 stations, and 58.8 km (37 mi) of route, including the Premetro line. Buenos Aires native Guillermo Vilas (who was raised in Mar del Plata) and Gabriela Sabatini were great tennis players of the 1970s and 1980s[117] and popularized tennis Nationwide in Argentina. The government was held first by two Juntas of many members, then by two triumvirates, and finally by a unipersonal office, the Supreme Director. [128] Murals and graffiti are so common that they are considered "an everyday occurrence," and have become part of the urban landscape of barrios such as Palermo, Villa Urquiza, Coghlan and San Telmo. Free for commercial use No attribution required High quality images. [88] Within the 24 adjacent Partidos, 186,640 persons or 1.9% of the total population declared themselves to be Indigenous. In fact, much of the internal tension in Argentina's history, starting with the centralist-federalist conflicts of the 19th century, can be traced back to these contrasting views. [41] Highs during the season average 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) while lows average 8.1 °C (46.6 °F). The city is also eighth largest in the world in terms of Jewish population. [112] In fact, every weekend, there are about 300 active theaters with plays, a number that places the city as 1st worldwide, more than either London, New York or Paris, cultural Meccas in themselves. The simplicity of the Rioplatense baroque style can be clearly seen in Buenos Aires through the works of Italian architects such as André Blanqui and Antonio Masella, in the churches of San Ignacio, Nuestra Señora del Pilar, the Cathedral and the Cabildo. Manufacturing still employed 10%. 1. Carlos Monzon was a hall of fame World Middleweight champion, and the current undisputed linear Middleweight champion Sergio Martinez hails from Argentina. [25][26] A second (and permanent) settlement was established on 11 June 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay). Buenos Aires ist wie alle großen Städte in Stadtteile unterteilt. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a small wave of immigration from Romania and Ukraine. [41] Because the city is located in an area where the Pampero and Sudestada winds pass by,[42] the weather is variable due to these contrasting air masses. Buenos Aires' dialect of Spanish, which is known as Rioplatense Spanish, is distinguished by its use of voseo, yeísmo, and aspiration of s in various contexts. [147], The Buenos Aires International Book Fair has been a major event in the city since the first fair in 1975,[141] having been described as "perhaps the most important and largest annual literary event in the Spanish-speaking world,"[148] and "the most important cultural event in Latin America". Doch in ihren ersten 100 Jahren kam die Stadt über eine Barackensiedlung kaum … [9][10] In 2012, it was the most visited city in South America, and the second-most visited city of Latin America (behind Mexico City). More than 2.2 million people per year travel between Argentina and Uruguay with Buquebus. Buenos Aires maintains low debt levels and its service requires less than 3 percent of the budget. Huracan Buenos Aires - River Plate, 21 December 2020, 00:30, Copa de la Liga Profesional, Argentina, season 2021. It has a zoo and botanical garden, a large number of landscaped parks and squares, as well as churches and places of worship of many denominations, many of which are architecturally noteworthy. The altar is full of marble, and was the biggest ever built in South America at that time.[175]. However, since the 1930s, the influence of Le Corbusier and European rationalism consolidated in a group of young architects from the University of Tucumán, among whom Amancio Williams stands out. There is a mix, due to immigration, of Colonial, Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Neo-Gothic, and French Bourbon styles. A second construction boom, from 1945 to 1980, reshaped downtown and much of the city. The usual abbreviation for Buenos Aires in Spanish is Bs.As. [128][138] However, not all of its street art concerns politics, it is also used as a symbol of democracy and freedom of expression. The rectangular grid provides for 110-meter (361 ft)-long square blocks named manzanas . [134] Examples include: the Paris Group – so named for being influenced by the School of Paris – constituted by Antonio Berni, Aquiles Badi, Lino Enea Spilimbergo, Raquel Forner and Alfredo Bigatti, among others; and[135] the La Boca artists – including Benito Quinquela Martín and Alfredo Lazzari, among others – who mostly came from Italy or were of Italian descent, and usually painted scenes from working-class port neighborhoods.