[10] According to a 2007 estimate provided by the County Population Register Service, the city hosts a visible population of students and other non-residents—an average of over 20,000 people each year during 2004–2007. [218] Additionally, in 2012, a Festival of National Operas was introduced, which aside from the hometown troupe, also features opera companies from Bucharest, Iași and Timișoara. [149] Nokia invested 200 million euros in a mobile telephone factory near Cluj-Napoca;[150] this began production in February 2008 and closed in December 2011. Artists came initially from south Germany and Austria, but by the end of the century most of the work was by local craftsmen. [85], There are a large number of castles in the countryside surroundings, constructed by wealthy medieval families living in the city. [72], From the Middle Ages onwards, the city of Cluj has been a multicultural city with a diverse cultural and religious life. Some West-Atlantic influences are present during winter and autumn. [209] In 2010, Iron Maiden included the city in their Final Frontier World Tour. Situated in the city centre, this gallery presents collections drawn from the contemporary arts scene. Most schools are taught in Romanian; nonetheless, there are some Hungarian-language schools (Báthory István, Apáczai Csere János and Brassai Sámuel high schools), as well as mixed schools—e.g., George Coșbuc and Onisifor Ghibu high schools with Romanian/German classes and Romanian/Hungarian classes, respectively. Built on the banks of the river Someșul Mic, the city is also crossed over by brooks or streams such as Pârâul Țiganilor, Pârâul Popești, Pârâul Nădășel, Pârâul Chintenilor, Pârâul Becaș, Pârâul Murătorii; Canalul Morilor runs through the centre of town.[77]. Other. [20][35] Although the precise date of the conquest of Transylvania by the Hungarians is not known, the earliest Hungarian artifacts found in the region are dated to the first half of the 10th century. [239] The 2B section between Câmpia Turzii and Cluj Vest (Gilău) opened in late 2010. ", "A kolozsvári ötvöscég középkori pecsétje", "Enamel peptides reveal the sex of the Late Antique 'Lovers of Modena, "Buried Couple Found Holding Hands - Archaeology Magazine", "Probleme actuale ale calității de subiect de drept internațional public contemporan", "Bem's Campaign in Transylvania; Revolutionary Consolidation and Its Contradictions", "Relația dintre elite și popor în perioada memorandistă", "A modern román nemzet a "régi" Magyarországon", "Hungarians' Army Marches into Cluj; Receives a Frenzied Welcome from Magyars in Former Rumanian Territory, but Atmosphere is Tense; Officers of Occupying Troops Charge that 12 Were Slain by Retreating Force", "Russians Smash on; Memel Reported Cut Off as New Drive Reaches German Frontier; Szeged, Cluj Seized; Soviet Tanks Cross Tisza, Menacing Budapest; Berlin Admits Russians Smash on Near East Prussia", "If Hope is Sin, Then We Are All Guilty: Romanian Students' Reactions to the Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Intervention, 1956–1958, "Erdély etnikai és felekezeti statisztikája (1850–1992)", "O mură în gura comisiei "Evenimentele din decembrie, "Guvernul Boc a fost învestit de Parlament", "Amenajarea teritoriului, urbanism, infrastructură", "Pârtia Feleac, de lângă Cluj, a fost inaugurată sâmbătă", "Românii sărbătoresc Adormirea Maicii Domnului și Ziua Marinei", "A monastery attracts thousands of Christians", "Cluj-Napoca tops the list of cities with best air quality in Europe", "Dans quelle ville européenne respire-t-on le mieux? 1997, p.39 (3.1 De la Napoca romană la Clujul medieval), Lazarovici et al. The city has seen a number of important music events, including the MTV România Music Award ceremony which was held at the Sala Sporturilor Horia Demian in 2006 with the Sugababes, Pachanga and Uniting Nations as special international guests. The city is surrounded by forests and grasslands. This park was founded during the 19th century and includes an artificial lake with an island, as well as the largest casino in the city, Chios. The city has the best air quality in the European Union,[94] according to research published in 2014 by a French magazine and air-quality organization that studied the EU's hundred largest cities.[95]. [32] There are no references to urban settlement on the site for the better part of a millennium thereafter. That May, the authorities began the relocation of the Jews to the Iris ghetto. [14][15] Cluj-Napoca held the titles of European Youth Capital in 2015,[16] and European City of Sport in 2018. The city has a number of renowned facilities and institutions involving performing arts. There are two large malls: VIVO! Most historians, ancient and modern, maintain that he was a pretender to the throne, although his coinage suggests that he claimed descent from Antiochus IV (died 164 BC), the brother of King Seleucus IV (died 175 BC). [260] Under Communism, publications included the socio-political and literary magazines Tribuna, Steaua, Utunk, Korunk, Napsugár and Előre as well as the regional Communist party daily organs Făclia and Igazság and the trilingual student magazine Echinox. [77][78] The southern part of the city occupies the upper terrace of the northern slope of Feleac Hill, and is surrounded on three sides by hills or mountains with heights between 500 metres (1,600 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft). [58] This endeavour had only mixed results: by 1939, Hungarians still dominated local economic (and to a certain extent) cultural life: for instance, Cluj had five Hungarian daily newspapers and just one in Romanian. 10000 relations. Some other clubs in the centre are Aftereight, Avenue, Bamboo, Decadence, Kharma and Molotov Pub. Manage and improve your online marketing. There is also a number of smaller independent theatres, including the Puck Theatre, where puppet shows are performed. 17.9k Followers, 1,080 Following, 1,909 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Orangebag.nl Official (@orangebagnl) Its name commemorates two important Transylvanian figures, the Romanian physician Victor Babeș and the Hungarian mathematician János Bolyai. City hall intends to develop local administrative branches for most of the districts. Examples include shopping malls (particularly the Iulius Mall), office buildings and bank headquarters. Till cheese wally elaya nero wimbledon final murray bbc joseph proudhon! [60] Despite facing severe sanctions from the Hungarian administration, some Jews escaped across the border to Romania, with the assistance of intellectuals such as Emil Hațieganu, Raoul Șorban, Aurel Socol and Dezső Miskolczy, as well as various peasants from Mănăștur. [11], In the modern era, Cluj's population experienced two phases of rapid growth, the first in the late 19th century, when the city grew in importance and size, and the second during the Communist period, when a massive urbanisation campaign was launched and many people migrated from rural areas and from beyond the Carpathians to the county's capital. [106] The party eventually moved its main offices to Bucharest and fell into decline as its leadership joined the ideologically similar PRM. [103], Additionally, as Cluj-Napoca is the capital of Cluj County, the city hosts the palace of the prefecture, the headquarters of the county council (consiliu județean) and the prefect, who is appointed by Romania's central government. The city also hosts the county's commercial and military tribunals.[108]. [78] Transport in the Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area is also covered by a number of private bus companies, such as Fany and MV Trans 2007, providing connections to neighboring towns and villages. In 1963, the castle was used as a set for Liviu Ciulei's film Forest of the Hanged, which won an award at Cannes. A 2006 poll shows a high degree of satisfaction with the work of the local police department. The authors, among them Ioan Rațiu and Iuliu Coroianu, were arrested, tried and sentenced to prison for "high treason" in Kolozsvár/Cluj in May 1894. [213] Smaller events occur regularly at the Polyvalent Hall, the Opera and the Students' House of Culture. [100] The prefect is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and his role is to represent the national government at the local level, acting as a liaison and facilitating the implementation of National Development Plans and governing programmes at the local level. [21], The Hungarian form Kolozsvár, first recorded in 1246 as Kulusuar, underwent various phonetic changes over the years (uar / vár means "castle" in Hungarian); the variant Koloswar first appears in a document from 1332. Although average precipitation and humidity during summer is low, there are infrequent yet heavy and often violent storms. MLD - Malborska Liga Darta. 1997, p. 204 (6.3 Medieval Cluj), Lazarovici et al. Zaregistrujte sa na Facebooku a spojte sa s používateľom Anton Pavlik a ďalšími, ktorých možno poznáte. See more of TLD - Tczewska Liga Darta on Facebook. 1997, p.93 (4.2 Monumente de arhitectură din epoca modernă), Lazarovici et al. [221] Electric Castle Festival, which takes place at Bánffy Castle in nearby Bonțida, had an audience of over 30,000 people for its first edition in 2013 and was nominated by European Festivals Awards for the Best New Festival and Best Medium Size Festival awards. Joined 2009 Napoca Cable Network is available through cable, and broadcasts local content throughout the day. The National Museum of Art is located in the former palace of the count György Bánffy, the most representative secular construction built in the Baroque style in Transylvania. The oldest of its sections is the altar, dedicated in 1390, while the newest part is the clock tower, which was built in Gothic Revival style (1860). [92] During the feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos (commemorating the death of the Virgin Mary) on 15 August, more than 150,000 people from all over the country come to visit the monastery.[90]. [87] There are other castles located in the vicinity of the city; indeed, the castle at Bonțida is not even the only one constructed by the Bánffy family. Cluj-Napoca also houses the County's Gendarmerie Inspectorate. [192] Since 1919, shortly after the union of Transylvania with Romania, the building has hosted the Lucian Blaga National Theatre and the Romanian National Opera. [214] The festival jury awards the Transilvania Trophy for the best film in competition, as well as prizes for best director, best performance and best photography. League Two scores, results and fixtures on BBC Sport, including live football scores, goals and goal scorers. [190] The Baroque Bánffy Palace (1774–1785), constructed around a rectangular yard, is the masterpiece of Eberhardt Blaumann. [81][82], A modern, 750-metre (820 yd)-long ski resort sits on Feleac Hill, with an altitude difference of 98 metres (107 yd) between its highest and lowest points. [19] The first reliable mention of the settlement dates from 1275, in a document of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, when the village (Villa Kulusvar) was granted to the Bishop of Transylvania. [176] This marked an unambiguously "Romanian" centre, a few blocks to the east of the old Hungarian centre;[176] however, the Romanian-ness of the town—like the Romanian hold on Transylvania—was by no means securely established even by the end of the interwar period. Documentary and mockumentary productions set in the city include Irshad Ashraf's St. Richard of Austin, a tribute to the American film director Richard Linklater,[266] and Cluj-Napocolonia, a mockumentary imagining a fabulous city of the future. [32] Trajan's successor Hadrian granted Napoca the status of municipium as municipium Aelium Hadrianum Napocenses. Local brands that have become well known at a national, and to some extent even international level, include: Banca Transilvania,[144] Terapia Ranbaxy,[145] Farmec,[146] Jolidon,[147] and Ursus breweries. The Babeș-Bolyai University (UBB) is the largest in the country, with approximately 50,000 students[268] attending various specialisations in Romanian, Hungarian, German and English. Examples of homegrown bands include the Romanian alternative rock band Kumm, the rock band Compact,[194] the rhythm and blues band Nightlosers,[195] the alternative band Luna Amară,[196] Grimus—the winners of the 2007 National Finals of Global Battle of the Bands,[197] the modern pop band Sistem—which finished third in the Eurovision Song Contest 2005,[198] as well as a large assortment of electronic music producers, notably Horace Dan D.[199] The Cheeky Girls also grew up in the city, where they studied at the High School of Choreography and Dramatic Art. 1997, p.56 (3.2 Monumente medievale), A történelem tanúi – Erdély – bevonulás 1940 p 56. 1997, p. 213 (6.5 Cluj in Modern Times), Lazarovici et al. Cluj-Napoca hosts an ethnographic museum, the Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania, which features a large indoor collection of traditional cultural objects, as well as an open-air park, the oldest of this kind in Romania, dating back to 1929. "Sărbătoarea Muzicii" (Fête de la Musique) is a music festival taking place yearly on 21 June in a number of Romanian cities, Cluj-Napoca included, organised under the aegis of the French Cultural Centre. Friesland Dart Liga e. V. ist nach Einschätzung der Creditreform anhand der Klassifikation der Wirtschaftszweige WZ 2008 (Hrsg. Profronde Van Friesland - Batavus Prorace 2012 2010 : Central-European Tour Kosice-Miskolc 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 : Central European Tour Isaszeg-Budapest 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 : Grand Prix de la ville de Pérenchies 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 The rail station is very well connected to all parts of the city by the trams, trolleybuses and buses of the local public transport company, CTP. Elk met hun eigen stijl, voorkeur en soms zelfs met wat exclusieve, interactieve content. It asked for equal rights with the Hungarians and demanded an end to persecutions and attempts at Magyarisation. The colonia was evacuated in 274 by the Romans. [72] During the Communist period, the city recorded a high industrial development, as well as enforced construction expansion. [267], Higher education has a long tradition in Cluj-Napoca. ist Datenlieferant und Betreiber von FirmenWissen. [41] In 1488, King Matthias Corvinus (born in Kolozsvár in 1443) ordered that the centumvirate—the city council, consisting of one hundred men—be half composed from the homines bone conditiones (the wealthy people), with craftsmen supplying the other half; together they would elect the chief judge and the jury. [41], In terms of religion, Protestant ideas first appeared in the middle of the 16th century. The city's cultural scene spans its history, dating back to Roman times: the city started to be built in that period, which has left its mark on the urban layout (centered on today's Piața Muzeului) as well as surviving ruins. [136], Almost 50,000 Hungarians live in Cluj-Napoca. The Roman Catholic and the Romanian Greek-Catholic communities claimed 5.0% and 4.7% of the population respectively, while other religious groups like Pentecostals (2.7%), Baptists (1.2%), or Unitarians (1.0%) rounded out most of the rest. Besucher, die sich für Friesland Dart Liga e. V. interessiert haben, interessierten sich auch für: © 2021 Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V., 41460 Neuss, Deutschland [109] City Hall has its own community police force, Poliția Primăriei, dealing with local community issues. [204] Moreover, the city also preserves a Historic Collection of the Pharmacy, in the building of its first pharmacy (16th century), the Hintz House. In 1865, the Diet in Cluj abolished the laws voted in Sibiu (Nagyszeben/Hermannstadt, and proclaimed the 1848 Law concerning the Union of Transylvania with Hungary. CFR 1907 Cluj-Napoca (founded in 1907) is the one of the oldest established teams in the Romanian Championship. Explore Rijnmond's 28,619 photos on Flickr! [210] The Cluj Arena was inaugurated in 2011 with concerts by Scorpions and Smokie, the main event drawing over 40,000 people;[211] other events followed, for instance Roxette in 2012[212] and Deep Purple in 2013. [204], Cluj-Napoca hosts a number of cultural festivals of various types. There have been attempts to organize legal races as a solution to this problem. [230] In some residential areas of the city, particularly the high-income southern areas, like Andrei Mureșanu or Strada Republicii, there are many turn-of-the-century villas. Since 1989, modern skyscrapers and glass-fronted buildings have altered the skyline of Cluj-Napoca. our partners use cookies to personalize your experience, to show you ads based on your interests, and for measurement and analytics purposes. [55], In the autumn of 1918, as World War I drew to a close, Cluj became a centre of revolutionary activity, headed by Amos Frâncu. [206] In 2015, the city will be the European Youth Capital, an event with a budget of 5.7 million euros that is projected to boost tourism by about a fifth.[207]. Alexander II Zabinas (c. 150 BC – 123 BC) was a Seleucid monarch of the Hellenistic period who reigned as King of Syria between 128 BC and 123 BC. Cluj-Napoca, located in the central part of Transylvania, has a surface area of 179.5 square kilometres (69.3 sq mi). [23], The Roman Empire conquered Dacia in AD 101 and 106, during the rule of Trajan, and the Roman settlement Napoca, established thereafter, is first recorded on a milestone discovered in 1758 in the vicinity of the city. Athlete. The Orthodox Church's equivalent to St. Michael's Church is the Orthodox Cathedral on Avram Iancu Square, built in the interwar era. During the century more simply designed Baroque churches were built for the mendicant orders, Lutherans, Unitarians and the Orthodox Church. [53] A year later, the King gave them pardon upon the advice of his Hungarian prime minister, Dezső Bánffy. [223] Untold Festival, which began in 2015, is Romania's largest music festival. [4][8] As defined by Eurostat, the Cluj-Napoca functional urban area has a population of 379,733 residents (as of 2015[update]). [19] Despite the fact that Clus as a county name was recorded in the 1173 document Thomas comes Clusiensis,[20] it is believed that the county's designation derives from the name of the castrum, which might have existed prior to its first mention in 1213, and not vice versa. The Hungarian Theatre building was erected at the beginning of the 20th century, but underwent an avant-garde renovation in 1961, when it acquired a modernist style of architecture. [108] Appeals from these tribunals' verdicts, and more serious cases, are directed to the Cluj Court of Appeals. [151] It also opened a research centre in the city[152] that was shut down in April 2011. Friesland Dart Liga e. V. mit Sitz in Varel ist im Vereinsregister mit der Rechtsform Verein eingetragen. The Romanian Greek-Catholic Church also has a cathedral in Cluj-Napoca, Transfiguration Cathedral. Der Verband der Vereine Creditreform e.V. Rare species of plants, such as Venus's slipper and iris, are found in the two botanical reservations of Cluj-Napoca, Fânațele Clujului and Rezervația Valea Morii ("Mill Valley Reservation"). Game type. [107], Eleven hospitals function in the city, nine of which are run by the county and two (for oncology and cardiology) by the health ministry. It has six Romanian championship titles 2008, 2010, 2012, 2018, 2019, 1997, p. 153 (5.3 Perioada totalitarismului), Lazarovici et al. The city is also represented in the third league, through CS Sănătatea Cluj-Napoca, founded in 1986. Unde va fi construit", "Futurist: Noul turn de control de la Aeroportul din Cluj-Napoca va fi unul dintre cele mai moderne din ţară", "A Second Romanian City Starts Tenders For Subway", "Cotidianul național Gardianul își lansează ediție regională", "Ringier închide edițiile regionale ale cotidianului Evenimentul Zilei", "Media statistics for newspapers in Romania", "Învățământul universitar în Transilvania", "Clujul multicultural. Fullscreen. Vorstand) geführt. Friesland Dart Liga e. V. mit Sitz in Varel ist im Vereinsregister mit der Rechtsform Verein eingetragen. [24][25] The full name is rarely used outside of official contexts. b.^ After the declaration of the union between the 1918–1920 period an exodus of Hungarian inhabitants occurred. Napoca became a provincial capital of Dacia Porolissensis and thus the seat of a procurator. Possible etymologies for Napoca or Napuca include the names of some Dacian tribes such as the Naparis or Napaei, the Greek term napos (νάπος), meaning "timbered valley" or the Indo-European root *snā-p- (Pokorny 971-2), "to flow, to swim, damp". The city is home to the second-largest urban Hungarian community in Romania, after Târgu Mureș,[127] with an active cultural and academic life: the city features a Hungarian state theatre and opera, as well as Hungarian research institutions, like Erdélyi Múzeumi Egyesület (EME), Erdélyi Magyar Műszaki Tudományos Társaság and Bolyai Társaság. Cluj-Napoca is also the capital of the historical region of Transylvania, a status that resonates to this day. [191] Built at the beginning of the 20th century by the Viennese company Helmer and Fellner, this structure is inscribed in UNESCO's list of specially protected monuments. [171], Cluj-Napoca has a diverse and growing cultural scene, with cultural life exhibited in a number of fields, including the visual arts, performing arts and nightlife. He then studied at the Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery and set up practice in Saint-Constant , later moving to Saint-Henri . [270] Concomitantly, a Catholic school founded during the 14th century also functioned in the city. [48] In 1791, a group of Romanian intellectuals drew up a petition, known as Supplex Libellus Valachorum, which was sent to the Emperor in Vienna. It was only in the 19th century that the Neo-Gothic tower of the church was erected; it remains the tallest church tower in Romania to this day. Cluj-Napoca also boasts other newspapers of local interest, like Făclia and Monitorul de Cluj, as well as two free dailies, Informația Cluj and Cluj Expres. [citation needed]. Nicolae Ceaușescu's project of systematisation did not really affect the heart of the city, instead reaching the marginal, shoddily built districts surrounding it.[226]. In 1974, the communist authorities added "-Napoca" to the city's name as a nationalist gesture, emphasising its pre-Roman roots. 1997, p. 205 (6.3 Medieval Cluj), Lazarovici et al. [42] In 1541, Kolozsvár became part of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (that transformed to Principality of Transylvania in 1570) after the Ottoman Turks occupied the central part of the Kingdom of Hungary; a period of economic and cultural prosperity followed. It continued to be of great importance into the 18th century, and traces of it are still apparent in 20th-century vernacular art; Klausenburg was central to the long, anachronistic survival of the style, particularly among Hungarians.[190]. Related Pages. Cluj-Napoca (Romanian: [ˈkluʒ naˈpoka] (listen); Hungarian: Kolozsvár [ˈkoloʒvaːr] (listen)), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth-most populous city in Romania. Cluj-Napoca regularly organises national championships in different sports because of this large concentration of facilities. These occur throughout the year, though are more frequent in the summer months. Cluj-Napoca has a warm-summer continental climate (Köppen: Dfb). [175] The first film made in the city, in association with the Parisian producer Pathé, was Sárga csikó ("Yellow Foal", 1912), based on a popular "peasant drama". The commune of Gilău features the Wass-Bánffy Castle,[88] while another Bánffy Castle is located in the Răscruci area. [256], Apart from the regional editions, which are distributed throughout Transylvania, the national newspaper Ziua also runs a local franchise, Ziua de Cluj, that acts as a local daily, available only within city limits. Other stations work as affiliates of national TV stations, only providing the audience with local reports in addition to the national programming. The mostly utilitarian Communist-era architecture is also present, although only to a certain extent, as Cluj-Napoca never faced a large systematisation programme. [227] Such changes feature on other Hungarian townspeople's residences, built from the mid-15th century mostly of stone and wood with a cellar, ground floor and upper storey, in the Late Gothic and Renaissance styles; although the late medieval houses have often been considerably altered, the street façades of the old town are mostly preserved.

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